Why is dry cleaning so expensive?

Dry cleaning doesn’t have to be expensive! By shopping around and asking a few key questions, you can find a cleaner in your area that is offering the best value.

Dry cleaning prices are very “elastic”. In most major metro areas, you can find an extremely wide range of prices being charged for dry cleaning. I’ve seen ranges as wide as $1.99 to $24.99 being charged to clean the same garment. Why such a big difference in price? Because, not all dry cleaning is the same. Dry cleaning is very “labor intensive”, so the majority of the production cost is directly attributed to the labor expense. So, along with the prices, you will also find an extremely wide range in the level of quality and service being provided from cleaner to cleaner.

So, before you race off looking for the cheapest cleaner in town, don’t forget the old adage “you get what you pay for”. Keep in mind, there are countless ways to cut corners in a dry cleaning business and, in order to make a profit, the lower priced cleaners are forced to cut a lot of corners. At these “discount” cleaners, they may be using dirty solvent or not adding detergent to it. So, the dirt, grime, and nasty from other people’s clothes may transfer to your clothes. They may not attempt to remove stains by hand. If a stain doesn’t come out in the machine, they’ll just slap a “sorry” tag on it. You can usually forget about getting a button replaced or any other minor repair work done complimentary. They won’t have time for that kind of service. They sometimes don’t even press your clothes. They use “steam tunnels” instead of presses. The effect is similar to hanging your clothes in the bathroom while you shower. Some of the wrinkles may fall out, but its a far cry from professional pressing. They most likely won’t use any “sizing”. Sizing is an expensive additive that does for your clothes what conditioner does for your hair. They’ll probably skip the deodorant additive and the anti-static chemicals as well. So, your clothes may come back with a funky chemical smell or be covered in lint.

On the other hand, there is absolutely no reason to over pay for dry cleaning. The best value for your dry cleaning dollar can usually be found near the “middle range” in price. The cleaners charging average prices are often providing “full service” at a reasonable price. As you shop around, you should interview the cleaners you try. Here are a few bold questions to ask them. A good cleaner, worthy of your patronage, will not be insulted by these questions and they should be able to answer them.

1. I’m shopping for a “full service” cleaner. Could you please walk me through the basic steps that you will be taking with my clothes?
2. Does your spotter work on stains before and after they go into the machine?
3. Do you replace missing buttons and do minor repair work without being asked?
4. Do you have an inspector who checks the quality before the clothes are packaged?
5. If I’m not happy with the way my clothes come back, will you reprocess them free of charge?
6. Do you offer free pick-up and delivery service to my home or office?

When striking a balance between price and service, don’t forget to consider the substantial savings and benefits you get from free delivery service. Having your clothes delivered will save you the time, the hassle and the gas of going to the cleaner yourself. In addition to full service cleaning, a good cleaner should provide twice a week delivery service, require no minimum order, and offer monthly billing, all at average prices. The best thing about free delivery is always having a closet full of clean clothes. Once you get in the habit of sending in a small order once or twice a week, you’ll never run out of clean clothes again!

Chlorine in Drinking Water The Good, the Bad & the Ugly News

by Nancy Hearn

2

The addition of chlorine in drinking water has been the standard in water treatment in the United States since 1904.

Thus, for over 100 years we have trusted and relied on chlorine to purify our water and kill off any waterborne pathogens.

The good news is that chlorine has done a good job in killing off most microorganisms in the water.

In fact, the United States has one of the safest water supplies in the world, and I am truly grateful for this.

Without chlorine (or some other form of water disinfection treatment), millions of people would die from devastating infections such as cholera, salmonella, and others.

The Bad of Chlorine in Drinking Water

The bad news is that chlorine treatment does not absolutely ensure that by the time our drinking water comes out of our home faucet it is free of unhealthy microorganisms.

Dangerous bacteria (such as e-coli and coliform) are still found in chlorinated tap water on occasion. When this happens it is primarily due to problems related to the treatment system itself or to the transport of the water to our homes.

Thus, relying on chlorine disinfection alone is a false guarantee that the water from your tap is safe to drink.

Even minimal exposure to these types of bacteria can cause symptoms similar to the flu, such as headaches, diarrhea, cramps, nausea or vomiting.

Thus, I highly recommend a tap water filter at the point-of-use (your water faucet) to ensure adequate filtration of unhealthy micro-organisms, as well as other many other contaminants, that could end up in your drinking water.

The Ugly Side of Chlorine

The ugly side of drinking chlorinated water has only recently been documented.

And it has to do with the long-term health effects of chlorine and itsdisinfection by-products (DBPs).

What the studies have found is that chlorine itself is not the main problem; rather it has to do with what happens when the chlorine mixes with any type of organic matter in the water.

In the 1970s scientists discovered that when chlorine is added to water, it forms Trihalomethanes (THMs), one of which is chloroform. THMs increase the production of free radicals in the body and are highly carcinogenic (cancer causing).

Chlorine and THMS have been linked to various types of cancer, kidney and liver damage, immune system dysfunction, disorders of the nervous system, hardening of the arteries, and birth defects.

Negative Effects of DBPs and Chlorine

Unfortunately, we are learning the hard way that our attempts to prevent illness by adding chlorine in drinking water has contributed to another problem—the increase of cancer and heart disease. Check out what the experts have to say:

“Cancer risk among people using chlorinated water is as much as 93 percent higher than among those whose water does not contain chlorine,” according to the U.S. Council of Environmental Quality.

According to the BreastCancerFund.org,“One common factor among women with breast cancer is that they all have 50 to 60 percent higher levels of these chlorination by-products (THMs) in their fat tissue than women without breast cancer . . .”

"Long-term drinking of chlorinated water appears to increase a person's risk of developing bladder cancer as much as 80 percent,”as documented in a study published in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Some 45,000 Americans are diagnosed every year with bladder cancer.

"The drinking of chlorinated water has finally been officially linked to an increased incidence of colon cancer. An epidemiologist at Oak Ridge Associated Universities completed a study of colon cancer victims and non-cancer patients and concluded that the drinking of chlorinated water for 15 years or more was conducive to a high rate of colon cancer," according to Health Freedom News, January/February 1987.

But drinking chlorinated water is only half the problem. Bathing and showering in unfiltered tap water is just as bad as drinking it, according to the Journal of Public Health and numerous other scientists and doctors. See "Chlorine in Tap Water - Why Use a Bath and Shower Filter?"

A Better Way to Disinfect Water

The primary reason adding chlorine to water for disinfection has become so widely accepted is not because it is the safest or most effective way to disinfect water — it is the cheapest.

Is there a better way? A handful of cities such as Las Vegas, Nevada, and Santa Clara, California, have begun treating their water through a process called ozonation. It is more expensive for the city, but the side effects are minimal.

Ozonation is a step in the right direction for these large cities and I would like to see other cities follow their example or find other non-toxic disinfection solutions.

For those of us who don’t live in these cities, there are a few options. The most powerful and cost-effective way to get chlorine-free water is to invest in a whole house water filter or to purchase a drinking water filter and/or bath and shower filter for your home.

A Final Thought

Do you know what happens when you put chlorine into a fish bowl?

All the fish die. That is why fish tanks come with a de-chlorinator. So then why are we drinking and showering in this chemical that kills another organism in a matter of hours?

Spring Breakers cleaning up trash after Facebook page goes viral

GULF SHORES, Ala. — WPMI Spring Breakers in Gulf Shores are cleaning up trash after a Facebook page went viral showing garbage covering the white sands. A Facebook page called Spring Break Nightmares Gulf Shores surfaced this week. As of 6 a.m. Wednesday, more than 4,000 people have liked the page.

Pictures posted showing beer cans and garbage all over the beach, even right next to trash cans, some drivers not wearing seatbelts while allegedly speeding, and others urinating on the beach.

The page quickly went viral. The administrator for the page posting 13 hours ago that the page had gained more than 2,000 likes in less then 24 hours.

Wednesday morning, a new type of picture surfaced on the Facebook page. Spring Breakers are cleaning up all that trash.

We'll keep an eye on the page and report any new information that surfaces.

Seven Common Cleaning Terms That Are Losing Steam

Now that the professional cleaning industry is evolving faster than ever before, some terms traditionally used in the industry are becoming less common or being replaced. According to Ron Segura, president of Segura Associates, who works with large organizations and cleaning contractors to help them operate in a more efficient and cost effective manner, these seven jan/san terms are fading away:

Chemical-Free Cleaning: This describes a type of cleaning using water and no chemicals. It is being replaced with the term "engineered water," which more accurately indicates how water is mechanically changed to act as an effective cleaning agent.

Strip-and-Wax: This term had its heyday in the 1980s; it has now been replaced by "refinished."

Buffers and Burnishers: Buffers traditionally referred to low-speed floor machines and burnishers high-speed equipment. Today, most industry professionals simply refer to these machines as either low- or high-speed equipment.

Spray-and-Vac: While this is the official ISSA term to describe systems that apply chemicals to surfaces, rinse clean these areas, and then vacuum up moisture and soils without touching surfaces, most industry professionals refer to this as no-touch cleaning and leave it at that.

The Old "Sustainability": The term sustainability, originally defined as protecting today's resources for future generations, now refers to organizations that use resources responsibly, fairly treat their workers, and give back to the community-all while ensuring economic growth.
 
Extraction: More commonly used than most of the other terms listed, instead of extracting carpets, many technicians now use the term carpet "restoration." Restoration refers to the most thorough, restorative cleaning possible for carpeting.

Chemicals: While it has served us well, the term "chemicals" now conjures up a number of thoughts and feelings, from chemical abuse to chemical reactions. Because of this, the word is losing favor in the industry, being replaced with the term cleaning "solutions."

"And just as some jan/san words are disappearing or being replaced, new ones are growing in importance," says Segura. "For instance, the term 'group purchasing organization' is now on the lips of many more [cleaning] contractors looking to reduce their cleaning supply costs."

Why does my dry cleaner charge more for silk and linen?

In the dry cleaning industry, the practice of charging more for certain fabrics is called “upcharging”. When cleaners upcharge, they are passing along an increased cost of production to their customers. Some fabrics are very difficult to work with and take significantly more time, labor and skill to process properly. For this reason, most cleaners upcharge for clothes made from silk or linen. Both fabrics are made from natural fibers and present unique challenges for the cleaner.

Successful stain removal is a critical step in the production process for cleaners. Many stains are removed by the dry cleaning machine and require no additional resources from the cleaner. A group of stains, called stubborn stains, require the attention of a stain removal specialist. The art of removing stains is called “spotting” and the person doing the stain removal is called the “spotter”. The spotter is typically one of the highest paid employees in a dry cleaning plant. To remove them, stubborn stains often require a combination of stain removing solutions and a significant amount of mechanical action.

Silk and linen are notoriously prone to stubborn stains. For silk in particular, because of its extremely delicate nature, when attempting to remove the stains, the spotter is limited in the types of stain removing solutions he can use and the amount of mechanical action he can apply. The risk of dye loss and fabric damage during stain removal is very high. It routinely takes multiple cycles of spotting, machine cleaning, and re-spotting to safely remove stains from silk and linen. This process requires a high degree of skill to avoid damaging the fabric.

Removing wrinkles is another critical step in the production process for cleaners. The removing of wrinkles is called “finishing”. Most garments require a combination of machine pressing and hand ironing to achieve the desired finish. The more hand ironing required, the more time and labor expense goes into finishing. Finishing silk and linen requires significantly more hand ironing than most fabrics. Linen in particular is very challenging. Some wrinkles in linen become so “set” that they are virtually impossible to safely remove. Linen holds wrinkles so well, that manufacturers sometimes intentionally give a wrinkled finish to their linen fabric. They intend for the garments never to be pressed!

Why can’t the dry cleaner remove every stain?

Unfortunately for everyone,  some stains are permanent. They simply become part of the fabric. Continued attempts to remove them will cause dye loss or fabric damage, known as chafing or fraying.

Many stains are removed by the dry cleaning machine and require no additional effort from the cleaner. A group of stains, called stubborn stains, require the attention of a stain removal specialist. The art of removing stains is called “spotting” and the person doing the stain removal is called the “spotter”. Spotting stubborn stains requires a high level of skill, knowledge and experience. The spotter is typically one of the highest paid employees in a dry cleaning plant.

The Spotter’s Dilemma – When presented with a stubborn stain, spotters are eager to do everything possible to remove the stain, however they must avoid damaging the fabric in the process. Stubborn stains often require a combination of strong stain removing solutions and a significant amount of mechanical action to get them out. Not knowing how much effort its going to take, the spotter will try using the mildest stain removal methods and solutions first. If the stain remains, they will try something a little stronger. They will continue to repeat this process until either the stain is successfully removed or the fabric begins to show signs of dye loss or chafing. At this point, they must stop working on the stain. If they continue, they risk damaging the fabric.

How do stains become permanent? – A stain can consist of virtually any liquid substance that comes in contact with your clothes. Time usually determines whether a stain can be removed or not. Almost all stains can be removed if treated quickly enough. However, most stains will become permanent if left untreated too long. When first coming into contact with fabric, most stains will initially remain on the surface and can be removed relatively easily. Over time, stains absorb into the fabric and permeate the fibers. They begin to react with the fabric’s dye. A chemical change takes place and the stain literally changes the color of the fabric. Stains often turn light fabrics darker or dark fabrics lighter. These color changes in the fabric are almost always permanent. Once this takes places, even if the spotter removes the original stain, the fabric where the stain was is now a different color. It looks like the stain is still there, but it’s not. What you are seeing is the permanent damage that the stain caused.

Heat causes the same type of stain “setting” that time does. You should never apply heat of any kind to a stain. Do not iron a stained garment and do not put it in the dryer.

Why is dry cleaning so expensive?

Dry cleaning doesn’t have to be expensive! By shopping around and asking a few key questions, you can find a cleaner in your area that is offering the best value.

Dry cleaning prices are very “elastic”. In most major metro areas, you can find an extremely wide range of prices being charged for dry cleaning. I’ve seen ranges as wide as $1.99 to $24.99 being charged to clean the same garment. Why such a big difference in price? Because, not all dry cleaning is the same. Dry cleaning is very “labor intensive”, so the majority of the production cost is directly attributed to the labor expense. So, along with the prices, you will also find an extremely wide range in the level of quality and service being provided from cleaner to cleaner.

So, before you race off looking for the cheapest cleaner in town, don’t forget the old adage “you get what you pay for”. Keep in mind, there are countless ways to cut corners in a dry cleaning business and, in order to make a profit, the lower priced cleaners are forced to cut a lot of corners. At these “discount” cleaners, they may be using dirty solvent or not adding detergent to it. So, the dirt, grime, and nasty from other people’s clothes may transfer to your clothes. They may not attempt to remove stains by hand. If a stain doesn’t come out in the machine, they’ll just slap a “sorry” tag on it. You can usually forget about getting a button replaced or any other minor repair work done complimentary. They won’t have time for that kind of service. They sometimes don’t even press your clothes. They use “steam tunnels” instead of presses. The effect is similar to hanging your clothes in the bathroom while you shower. Some of the wrinkles may fall out, but its a far cry from professional pressing. They most likely won’t use any “sizing”. Sizing is an expensive additive that does for your clothes what conditioner does for your hair. They’ll probably skip the deodorant additive and the anti-static chemicals as well. So, your clothes may come back with a funky chemical smell or be covered in lint.

On the other hand, there is absolutely no reason to over pay for dry cleaning. The best value for your dry cleaning dollar can usually be found near the “middle range” in price. The cleaners charging average prices are often providing “full service” at a reasonable price. As you shop around, you should interview the cleaners you try. Here are a few bold questions to ask them. A good cleaner, worthy of your patronage, will not be insulted by these questions and they should be able to answer them.

1. I’m shopping for a “full service” cleaner. Could you please walk me through the basic steps that you will be taking with my clothes?
2. Does your spotter work on stains before and after they go into the machine?
3. Do you replace missing buttons and do minor repair work without being asked?
4. Do you have an inspector who checks the quality before the clothes are packaged?
5. If I’m not happy with the way my clothes come back, will you reprocess them free of charge?
6. Do you offer free pick-up and delivery service to my home or office?

When striking a balance between price and service, don’t forget to consider the substantial savings and benefits you get from free delivery service. Having your clothes delivered will save you the time, the hassle and the gas of going to the cleaner yourself. In addition to full service cleaning, a good cleaner should provide twice a week delivery service, require no minimum order, and offer monthly billing, all at average prices. The best thing about free delivery is always having a closet full of clean clothes. Once you get in the habit of sending in a small order once or twice a week, you’ll never run out of clean clothes again!

Why is dry cleaning so expensive?

Dry cleaning doesn’t have to be expensive! By shopping around and asking a few key questions, you can find a cleaner in your area that is offering the best value.

Dry cleaning prices are very “elastic”. In most major metro areas, you can find an extremely wide range of prices being charged for dry cleaning. I’ve seen ranges as wide as $1.99 to $24.99 being charged to clean the same garment. Why such a big difference in price? Because, not all dry cleaning is the same. Dry cleaning is very “labor intensive”, so the majority of the production cost is directly attributed to the labor expense. So, along with the prices, you will also find an extremely wide range in the level of quality and service being provided from cleaner to cleaner.

So, before you race off looking for the cheapest cleaner in town, don’t forget the old adage “you get what you pay for”. Keep in mind, there are countless ways to cut corners in a dry cleaning business and, in order to make a profit, the lower priced cleaners are forced to cut a lot of corners. At these “discount” cleaners, they may be using dirty solvent or not adding detergent to it. So, the dirt, grime, and nasty from other people’s clothes may transfer to your clothes. They may not attempt to remove stains by hand. If a stain doesn’t come out in the machine, they’ll just slap a “sorry” tag on it. You can usually forget about getting a button replaced or any other minor repair work done complimentary. They won’t have time for that kind of service. They sometimes don’t even press your clothes. They use “steam tunnels” instead of presses. The effect is similar to hanging your clothes in the bathroom while you shower. Some of the wrinkles may fall out, but its a far cry from professional pressing. They most likely won’t use any “sizing”. Sizing is an expensive additive that does for your clothes what conditioner does for your hair. They’ll probably skip the deodorant additive and the anti-static chemicals as well. So, your clothes may come back with a funky chemical smell or be covered in lint.

On the other hand, there is absolutely no reason to over pay for dry cleaning. The best value for your dry cleaning dollar can usually be found near the “middle range” in price. The cleaners charging average prices are often providing “full service” at a reasonable price. As you shop around, you should interview the cleaners you try. Here are a few bold questions to ask them. A good cleaner, worthy of your patronage, will not be insulted by these questions and they should be able to answer them.

1. I’m shopping for a “full service” cleaner. Could you please walk me through the basic steps that you will be taking with my clothes?
2. Does your spotter work on stains before and after they go into the machine?
3. Do you replace missing buttons and do minor repair work without being asked?
4. Do you have an inspector who checks the quality before the clothes are packaged?
5. If I’m not happy with the way my clothes come back, will you reprocess them free of charge?
6. Do you offer free pick-up and delivery service to my home or office?

When striking a balance between price and service, don’t forget to consider the substantial savings and benefits you get from free delivery service. Having your clothes delivered will save you the time, the hassle and the gas of going to the cleaner yourself. In addition to full service cleaning, a good cleaner should provide twice a week delivery service, require no minimum order, and offer monthly billing, all at average prices. The best thing about free delivery is always having a closet full of clean clothes. Once you get in the habit of sending in a small order once or twice a week, you’ll never run out of clean clothes again!

Advantages of a Professional Cleaning Services

If you own any type of establishment from retail stores to medical facilities, office buildings, educational facilities, or manufacturing plants, you already know the importance of keeping a clean environment at all times. A dirty environment leads to unhappy employees and it gives your establishment a poor image. When people walk into your building, the first thing they will notice is how clean the establishment is. If it is not clean, they will notice it right away and this will hurt the reputation of your business. Professional cleaning services will be able to keep your establishment clean and proficient looking at all times so you can focus on other important things.

Attention to Detail

Companies that specialize in janitorial services, window cleaning services, and other cleaning services will know exactly what to do to keep your establishment looking the very best. This is because they are experienced at what they do and they know how to pay attention to detail. If you were to have just anyone clean your building for you, there would be a good chance that certain things would get overlooked. An experienced cleaning crew will ensure that your windows are spotless, your floor shines, and everything looks as clean as possible.

Customized Cleaning Services

Professional cleaning services, such as Specialist Cleaners, offer customized cleaning services to their clients. What this means is that if you need the cleaning crew to come at night when your business is closed, we will be there. You can also set up a one-time cleaning, daily cleaning, weekly cleaning, or a monthly cleaning. If you need the cleaning professionals to focus on cleaning certain areas of your establishment such as your floors, upholstery, windows, blinds, or perform restroom sanitation, we will do just that. Every business establishment has their own needs for professional cleaning. Some business are much smaller than other businesses and they do not require as much cleaning as another business. A customized cleaning service not only saves a company time but also money.

Happier Work Environment

Working in a clean environment has many benefits. It makes the employees happier and it also makes them safer too. No one wants to spend their work shift in a messy environment. This decreases the productivity levels in most employees and can really make them dread coming into work every day. When a company takes the extra step to ensure that the environment is clean at all times, the employees will take pride in the company that they work for.

A professional cleaning service is exactly what most establishments need in order to keep the environment spotless. Professional cleaners take the extra effort to clean areas that are often overlooked. With professionals, you can spend more time on other areas of your company instead of worrying about how clean it is. There are many benefits to having a clean establishment, including happier and more productive employees, a better image, and always staying up to health codes at all times.

Clothing Stain Removal Guide

THE BASICS

1. TAKE QUICK ACTION – The sooner a stain is treated the better. Time can “set” stains. Almost any stain can be removed if action is taken quickly enough, however almost any stain will become permanent if left untreated too long. Ideally, all stains should be treated within the first 24 hours.

2. BLOT & SCRAPE – Whenever possible, immediately after the stain occurs, blot up any excess liquid with a paper towel or clean white cloth. Scrape solids from the fabric if the stain is dry.  Try to remove as much excess as possible before further stain treatment.

3. DO NOT APPLY HEAT – Do not apply heat of any kind to stained fabric. Heat can “set” stains. Before ironing, pressing, or drying a garment in a dryer, check to make sure that the fabric is completely free of stains. If you don’t know the origin of a stain, don’t use hot water.  Hot water can set protein stains such as blood, egg, and milk stains.

4. TEST THE FABRIC – Before attempting to remove a stain, test the stain removal agent on an inside seam or hidden area of the garment to make sure it doesn’t damage the fabric.  Sometimes the stain removal agent may damage the fabric more than the stain itself.

5. READ CARE LABELS – Garment manufacturers normally attach a “care label” inside the garment, usually at the back of the neckline or at the waistline, indicating the recommended cleaning method. Read the garment care label carefully.  The recommendations are based on the fabric, trim, elastic, interfacing, or adhesives. If garments are labeled “dry-clean only” don’t attempt to remove stains from them yourself. If garments are labeled “washable”, it may be possible to remove stains from them yourself. Many natural fabrics, such as silk, wool, linen, leather, suede, and fur garments must usually be dry-cleaned. 

6. DRY-SIDE vs WET-SIDE – Stains can be divided into two main groups, dry-side and wet-side. Wet-side stains are water-based. Consequently, it takes some form of water to remove these stains. Examples of wet-side stains include soft drinks, milk, ice cream, wine, coffee, tea, mustard, grass, and most food stains. Dry-side stains are oil based. Special dry cleaning fluids or powders are needed to remove these stains. Examples of dry-side stains include rouge, mascara, foundation, ballpoint ink, rubber base adhesives, cooking oils and greases, oil and tar, candle wax, and salad oil and dressing. There are also “combination stains” that dissolve partially in cleaning fluid and partially in water. Lipstick is an example of this. It contains wax and dye. When treating combination stains always use the dry-side stain removing agents before you use the wet-side stain removing agents. Other examples of combination stains are shoe polish, gravy, paint, and salad dressing.

STAIN REMOVAL SUPPLIES

Drycleaning Fluid – Oil based stain and spot removers are available at grocery and hardware stores. Look for products that contain petroleum solvent, petroleum hydrocarbon or petroleum distillate.

Laundry Detergent – 1 tablespoon per cup of warm water

Household Ammonia – 1 teaspoon per cup of water

White Vinegar – 1 part vinegar to 3 parts of water

Oxygen Bleach – 3 percent hydrogen peroxide

Chlorine Bleach – 1 part chlorine bleach to 4 parts water

Enzyme Detergent – Laundry detergent with enzymes added for presoaking 

TREATING COMMON STAINS

PROTEIN STAINS – Blood, chocolate, egg, ice cream, milk, baby formula, vomit, perspiration – Blot with water and a clean cloth. Then treat with an enzyme detergent. If the stain remains, treat with household ammonia. If the stain remains, treat with white vinegar. If the stain remains, treat with oxygen bleach.

TANNIN STAINS – Coffee, tea, mustard, wine, soft drinks, tomato sauce, soy sauce – Blot with water and a clean cloth. Then treat with laundry detergent. If the stain remains, treat with white vinegar. If the stain remains, treat with oxygen bleach.

OIL STAINS – Butter, furniture polish, grease, lipstick, foundation makeup, mayonnaise – Blot with drycleaning solvent and a clean cloth. If the stain remains, treat with laundry detergent. If the stain remains, treat with household ammonia.

WAX & PAINT – Candle wax, crayon, paint – Blot with drycleaning solvent and a clean cloth. If stain remains, treat with laundry detergent and household ammonia. The last traces of color matter may be removed with oxygen bleach.

INK STAINS – Apply drycleaning solvent. Blot until all bleeding stops, moving the stained area as the towels absorb the ink. If the stain remains, treat with laundry detergent and household ammonia.

MILDEW – Wash with chlorine bleach. Be sure to test the fabric before using chlorine bleach. Never use bleach on silk, wool, nylon or spandex.

NAIL POLISH – Never use this method on acetate fibers and test the fabric before proceeding. Blot the stain with acetone, moving the stained area as the towel absorbs the nail polish.